Access Control List (ACL) on a table or field is denying read, write, create, or delete permissions for the current user's role. (high likelihood)
Before-query business rule is actively blocking the operation by setting current.setAbortAction(true) or throwing an exception. (high likelihood)
System Security policies in System Security > High Security Settings are restricting access to sensitive tables or operations. (medium likelihood)
Cross-scope access violation where a scoped application is attempting to access records or APIs outside its permitted scope without proper application cross-scope access. (medium likelihood)
Elevated privilege context has expired or been revoked during a long-running script execution, causing subsequent operations to fail security checks. (low likelihood)